Losing up to 5% of your body weight can significantly lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a common obesity complication. A lifestyle change program recognised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) demonstrated a reduced risk of 58% in individuals who achieved weight loss of 7%. 

In people over 60 living with overweight or obesity, an average weight loss of 5.7% eased osteoarthritis of the knee. Participants had less knee pain and discomfort, improved mobility and better overall knee function. Moreover, an average weight loss of 5.1 kg in people living with obesity showed to lower the risk of developing osteoarthritis by over 50%.

Living with overweight or obesity can lead to many serious health conditions and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and vascular diseases. Factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels are impacted by weight and thus can contribute to heart disease. Data shows that losing 5-10% of initial body weight results in significant improvement in hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol. It's important to note that maintaining weight loss has ethe same impact on people, regardless of their baseline BMI category. Improvements in cardiovascular risk factors continue the more weight is lost.

There are obesity health risks related to your immune system. Obesity is associated with activating the immune system, stimulating chronic low-grade inflammation and having a negative effect on immunity from infection and progression of chronic disease. 

Losing weight can lead to fewer pro-inflammatory markers called cytokines in the blood for people living with overweight or obesity. This can play an important role in preventing chronic diseases.

Post-menopausal women taking hormone therapy face higher risk of developing breast cancer.

In a clinical trial of post-menopausal women living with overweight or obesity, a weight loss of at least 5% lowered serum concentrations of estrogen and other potential breast cancer biomarkers. Similarly, a separate study confirmed lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers in post-menopausal women living with overweight or obesity who lost 5% or more of their body weight. This suggests that even a modest degree of weight loss could have a notable effect on breast cancer risk.

Carrying excess weight can affect the quality of your sleep. In research performed by John Hopkins University, people living with overweight or obesity noted sleep-related problems such as:

• Insomnia
• Daytime fatigue
• Sleepiness
• Restless sleep
• Use of sedatives to aid sleep.

The study found that losing body fat, especially around the stomach, was critical to improving sleep quality.

In a study by the University of Pennsylvania, adults living with overweight or obesity who lost 5% or more of their initial body weight had longer, better sleep within 6 months. Those who initially reported mild or greater symptoms of depression also saw improvement in their overall mood over a short- and long-term period.

See this article for our tips on getting longer, better sleep.

Having excess fat tissue creates inflammatory mediators that affect your joint tissues. This can lead to more inflammation and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Living with obesity also lowers the likelihood of achieving sustained remission (no RA symptoms or having symptoms under control) in response to antirheumatic drug treatment by 47%. 

In a retrospective study, researchers analysed data from RA patients over several years. 67% of the participants were living with overweight or obesity. Losing 5 kg or more was associated with significant improvements in RA, such as joint tenderness, pain, and function. The researchers noted that participants benefitted when they lost any amount of weight but experienced more positive effects in joint tenderness, pain, and function the more weight they lost.

Losing weight has been noted to reduce signs and symptoms of NASH.

During a 52-week study, NASH patients who lost up to 5% body weight experienced notable health improvements, such as:

• reduction of fat in the liver
• resolution of steatohepatitis (25%)
• lower non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores (47%)
• regression of fibrosis (19%)

However, the greatest benefits were observed in patients who lost 10% or more of their body weight:

• the highest rates of NASH reduction
• NASH resolution (90%)
• fibrosis regression

A study found that participants who lost 10–15% of their initial body weight had clinically significant improvements in their blood pressure.

Participants living with overweight or obesity with type 2 diabetes experienced an average decrease of 9 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure. They also benefited from significant improvements in other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that a 1 kg loss in body weight was associated with an approximate 1mmHg reduction in blood pressure. This emphasizes the importance of weight loss in preventing and treating hypertension.

Losing 15% or less of your body weight helps lower concentrations of “bad” LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels.

In a meta-analysis of more than 70 randomized-controlled trials, losing weight through lifestyle, pharmacologic, and/or surgical interventions was associated with statistically significant changes in serum lipids.

Developing certain cancers (including colorectal, pancreatic, kidney, ovarian and post-menopausal breast cancer) has been linked to having excess fat and is an obesity health risk.

A study with post-menopausal women found that losing more than 9 kg of initial body weight lowered the risk for certain cancers (such as breast, endometrial, and colon). These participants were 11% less likely to develop cancer compared to those who didn't lose the same weight.

Higher BMI is linked to impairments in sexual quality of life, especially in women and candidates for gastric bypass surgery. People living with obesity reported significant improvements in their sexual quality of life when they lost an average of 13% of their body weight. They reported feeling more attractive and having a stronger sex drive. Most of the improvement was seen in the first three months after the participants lost an average of 11.8% of their body weight.

One study was conducted on erectile function in men living with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. Participants undergoing weight loss treatment lost an average of 9.9% of their body weight. A higher percentage of these participants maintained or improved their erectile function during the study.

Another study was conducted on women living with obesity and type 2 diabetes. They reported that intensive lifestyle intervention with a weight loss of around 7.6 kg improved their sexual function.

Researchers studied post-menopausal women participating in a nutritional program designed to lower dietary fat and increase fruit, vegetable, and fibre intake. Women who lost at least 10% of their weight were more likely to have fewer or no menopause symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats over one year.

Weight loss is often recommended as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is a potentially serious condition that causes occasional stops in breathing during sleep.

Researchers followed people with OSA and type 2 diabetes and found that the severity of OSA was reduced after weight loss. Participants who lost 10 kg or more (approximately 10% of the average body weight of participants) experienced the greatest reduction in OSA symptoms.

Another study found that a 10% weight loss was effective in managing participants sleep-disordered breathing, leading to a more restful night’s sleep.

Weight loss can lead to fewer episodes of urinary incontinence.

Women living with overweight or obesity and who had urinary incontinence showed notable improvements after a 6-month weight loss programme including diet and exercise. With an average weight loss of 8% of body weight, participants had 47% fewer urinary incontinence episodes. This was compared to 28% of participants who did not manage weight. Overall, more women in the weight loss group reported clinically significant outcomes. In some cases, the number of incontinence, stress incontinence, and urge incontinence episodes was reduced by 70%.

Being overweight has been negatively linked with cognitive function. Similarly, living with obesity in mid-life has been linked with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

When overweight post-menopausal women were put on a diet for 6 months, losing an average of 9.2% of their body weight, researchers observed significant improvements in their episodic memory.

A 5-10% weight loss can lead to fewer inflammation-causing immune cells and further loss leads to even bigger improvements.

A clinical trial investigated the effects of weight loss on immune cells in people with a BMI over 35 kg/m2 and who had type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Participants lost an average of 13.5% of their body weight and improved their anti-inflammatory immune balance.

Post-menopausal women living with overweight or obesity who lost more than 15% of their body weight showed tripled vitamin D levels during the study, regardless of their diet. Vitamin D helps with reducing inflammation, influencing cell growth and immune function.

In a study by the Institute of Medicine at Gothenburg University, researchers observed adults living with obesity over an average period of 10.9 years. Participants lost an average of 18.3% of their body weight from surgical treatment. This led to 24% less mortality over the study period.

Individuals with overweight or obesity have more frequent cravings for high-calorie and high-processed foods during the day and outside mealtime.

A study of women living with overweight or obesity showed weight loss of around 14.6% caused less preference for sugary foods, less cravings and better appetite regulation.

Learn about why we crave sugar and other unhealthy food here.

While risk factors for certain chronic diseases improve with modest weight loss, there are further benefits to be gained. Health factors such as blood pressure and lipid concentrations in the blood have a linear relationship with weight loss.

Losing more weight can improve health markers related to chronic diseases. It lowers risk factors for conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Losing 10-15% of your body weight increases your likelihood of relieving symptoms of conditions such as obstructive sleep apnoea and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis